Pterygium: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment Options

 

Pterygium: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Pterygium, commonly known as “surfer’s eye,” is a non-cancerous growth that appears on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye. This wedge-shaped growth often begins on the side closest to the nose and extends toward the cornea. While usually not serious, it can cause discomfort and, in some cases, interfere with vision.

Causes of Pterygium

The exact cause of pterygium is not fully understood, but environmental factors are believed to play a major role. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, dust, wind, and dry climates significantly increases the risk of developing this condition. People who spend a lot of time outdoors, especially in sunny or dusty environments, are more susceptible.

Genetic predisposition may also contribute to its development, meaning if a family member has had pterygium, others may be at a higher risk.

Symptoms of Pterygium

In its early stages, pterygium may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as it grows, it can lead to:

  • Redness and inflammation
  • A gritty or burning sensation in the eye
  • Dryness and irritation
  • Blurred vision if the growth extends onto the cornea
  • A visible raised, pinkish growth on the eye

While pterygium is not cancerous, it can be aesthetically concerning and, in advanced cases, impair vision.

Diagnosis

An eye doctor can diagnose pterygium during a routine eye examination. They may use a slit lamp microscope to get a closer look at the surface of the eye and determine the size and severity of the growth. In rare cases, additional imaging may be used to evaluate deeper layers.

Treatment Options

The treatment for pterygium depends on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases that do not affect vision may be managed with lubricating eye drops or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce redness and discomfort.

In cases where the pterygium continues to grow or causes vision problems, surgical removal may be recommended. Surgery is generally safe and effective, though there is a risk of recurrence. Surgeons may use advanced techniques such as conjunctival autografting or amniotic membrane transplantation to reduce this risk.

Prevention and Protection

Prevention is key when it comes to managing pterygium. Here are some effective steps:

  • Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV rays
  • Use protective eyewear in dusty or windy conditions
  • Keep your eyes lubricated with artificial tears
  • Avoid prolonged exposure to harsh environments

Conclusion

Pterygium is a manageable eye condition, especially with early detection and appropriate care. While often harmless, it can become uncomfortable or even affect your vision if left untreated. Regular eye check-ups and protective measures are essential for maintaining long-term eye health. If you notice symptoms of pterygium or any unusual changes in your eyes, consult an eye care specialist promptly for a proper evaluation and guidance.

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