Comprehensive Overview of Pinguecula: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies
Introduction Pinguecula represents a common conjunctival degenerative condition that frequently encounters ophthalmological professionals in clinical practice. This benign, yellow-white lesion typically develops on the interpalpebral conjunctiva, presenting significant diagnostic and management considerations for eye care practitioners. Recent epidemiological studies indicate a rising prevalence correlated with increased ultraviolet radiation exposure and environmental factors. Understanding the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence-based management strategies is crucial for comprehensive patient care. Pathophysiological Mechanisms Pinguecula originates from substantive conjunctival changes characterized by: Substantive collagen degradation Elastotic degeneration of subconjunctival tissues Localized inflammatory responses Ultraviolet-induced cellular modifications Molecular research suggests complex inflammatory pathways involving: Matrix metalloproteinase activation Oxi...